![]() When man first began to speculate about the world in which he lived and his own place in it, he tended to use concrete terms and images from everyday experience. ![]() Matter is, in a sense, the oldest of philosophical concepts. This article is concerned primarily with the concept of matter as used in natural philosophy and metaphysics, and sketches its historical development from the earliest times to the present. The term is defined differently in the various philosophical traditions and, even as employed by scholastic philosophers, has acquired a wide range of meanings in logic, epistemology, psychology, and ethics. As a type of substance, matter is opposed also to spirit. That of which things are made, an intrinsic determinable principle whose opposite (and correlative) is form.
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